Dr.MITUL B MANIYA BONE & JOINT DOCTOR
The knee is the joint that connects your thigh to your lower leg. It’s the biggest joint in your body.
Like all joints, your knees are part of your skeletal system. Your knees also contain cartilage, muscles, ligaments and nerves.
Your knees help support your weight and let your legs bend and move. Almost any movement that uses your legs relies on your knees — your knees help when you’re walking, running and jumping.
The knee is a synovial joint. Synovial joints have the most freedom to move. They’re made of a cavity in one bone that another bone fits into. Slippery hyaline cartilage covers the ends of bones that make up a synovial joint. A synovial membrane — a fluid-filled sac that lubricates and protects the joint — lines the space between the bones. This extra cushioning helps synovial joints move with as little friction as possible.
Functionally, the knee is a hinge joint. Think about the hinges that hold a door in place. They have a few parts that don’t move, but other pieces move a specific distance to open and close. Hinge joints like your knee follow the same basic rule — they open and close in one direction.
Your knee is made of:
Bones.
Cartilage.
Ligaments.
Muscles.
Nerves.
Three bones make up the knee joint:
Femur (thigh bone).
Tibia (shin bone).
Patella (kneecap).
The places these bones meet are called articulations or articulating surfaces. There are two articulations in your knee:
Patellofemoral: Where your patella meets your femur.
Tibiofemoral: Where your tibia meets your femur.
Cartilage is a strong, flexible connective tissue that protects your joints. It acts as a shock absorber throughout your body.
There are two types of cartilage in your knee:
Hyaline cartilage: Hyaline cartilage is the most common type of cartilage in your body. Some healthcare providers call it articular cartilage. It lines your joints and caps the ends of your bones. Hyaline cartilage is slippery and smooth, which helps your bones move smoothly past each other in your joints. The surfaces of your femur, tibia and patella that touch each other have a hyaline cartilage lining.
Fibrocartilage: Fibrocartilage is what its name sounds like — tough cartilage made of thick fibers. It’s tough enough to hold parts of your body in place and absorb impacts. The meniscus in your knee is two wedges of fibrocartilage. It cushions the space between your femur and tibia.
Knee ligaments are bands of tissue that connect your thigh bone to your lower leg bones.
There are two types of ligaments in your knee:
Collateral ligaments: The two collateral ligaments are like straps on opposite sides of your knee. The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is on the inner side of your knee. It attaches your femur to your tibia. The lateral collateral ligament (LCL) is on the outer side of your knee. It connects your femur to your calf bone (fibula). The collateral ligaments prevent your knee from moving side to side too much.
Cruciate ligaments: The two cruciate ligaments are inside your knee joint. They also connect your femur to your tibia. They cross each other to create an X. The cruciate ligaments control the way your knee moves front to back. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is at the front of your knee. The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is behind the ACL at the back of your knee.
Muscles are soft tissue made of stretchy fibers. They tense up (flex) to pull and move parts of your body. Lots of muscles attached to your legs control your knee movements.
Muscles called flexors pull your knee to flex the knee.
Extensors are muscles that work opposite your flexors — they let you extend your knee out.
Nerves are like cables that carry electrical impulses between your brain and the rest of your body. These impulses help you feel sensations and move your muscles.
Your knees can be affected by anything that damages your bones or connective tissue, including:
Arthritis.
Osteoarthritis.
Bursitis.
Tendinitis.
Osteoporosis.
Sports injuries are some of the most common knee injuries:
ACL tears.
MCL tears.
Meniscus tears.
Sprains.
Bone fractures.
Dislocations.
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).
The condition or issue that’s affecting your knee will determine which symptoms you experience. Many knee issues cause symptoms like:
Pain (especially when moving).
Inflammation (swelling).
Discoloration or redness around your knee.
A feeling of warmth or heat.
A grinding feeling.
A popping noise or feeling
FRACTURE FIXATION- NAIL, SCREW AND PLATE TO FIX THE BROKEN BONE
JOINT REPLACEMENT: TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT(PRIMARY AND REVISION )
UNICONDYLAR KNEE REPLACEMENT(UKR)
KNEE ARTHROSCOPY
COMPLEX KNEE SURGERY
DEFORMITY CORECTION
JOINT PRESERVATION SURGERY – HIGH TIBIAL OSTEOTOMY(HTO)
The best way to take care of your knees is to maintain good overall health, including:
Following a diet and exercise plan that’s healthy for you.
Visiting a healthcare provider for regular checkups and as soon as you notice any changes or symptoms in your knees.
Wearing proper protective equipment for any activity, sport or work you’re doing.
